Novel laurel aromatic evergreen biomass derived hierarchical porous carbon nanosheet as sustainable electrode for high performance symmetric supercapacitor

Biomass-based activated carbon with features combinations of 2D nano-structure, 3D hierarchical porous, and self−/co-doping active heteroatoms have proven excellent performance as sustainable electrodes for high-energy supercapacitors. Therefore, this study aims to obtain nanosheet, pores, self‑oxygen doped from the typical aromatic biomass Indonesian laurel evergreen (ILAE), Laurus nobilis. It was carried out using a fast toxic residue-free strategy an material symmetrical The optimization structure controlled through activating agent ratio in high-temperature pyrolysis. discovered that prepared ILAE has gauze-like nanosheet pore network enables efficient accessibility. Furthermore, porosity optimal ILAE-activated possessed enriched micropores 88 % confirmed mesopores 12 high content 95.07 4.49 functional oxygen self-doping heteroatom. In two-electrode configuration systems, nanosheet-activated carbon-based supercapacitor exhibits electrochemical specific capacitance 205 F g−1 at 1 A M H2SO4 electrolyte. their capability rate maintained 81.16 10 optimum coulombic efficiency 81.66 %. Moreover, device aqueous electrolyte performed energy output behaviors 21.56 Wh kg−1 maximum power 1.101 kW kg−1, respectively. This indicated novel proves potential source enrich-nanosheet pores up-to-date approach enhance storage devices.